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OBJECTIVE To establish the methods to identify the chemical components of Ixeris chinensis， and determine the contents of 7 components （chlorogenic acid， luteolin， quercetin， rutin， protocatechuic acid， isochlorogenic acid A， luteoloside）. METHODS HPLC-Q-Exactive-MS was used to identify the chemical components of I. chinensis. The contents of 7 components in I. chinensis， including chlorogenic acid， were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 45 components were identified in I. chinensis， including 20 organic acids， 13 flavonoids， 4 fatty acids， 4 amino acids， 3 nucleosides， and 1 coumarin. The linear range of chlorogenic acid， luteolin， quercetin， rutin， protocatechuic acid， isochlorogenic acid A and luteoloside were 503.00- 25 150.00， 42.00-2 100.00， 5.05-252.50， 20.05-1 002.50， 25.10-1 255.00， 750.00-37 500.00， 196.00-9 800.00 ng/mL （r≥0.999 2）， respectively. RSDs of precision， stability and reproducibility tests were all less than 3.00% （n＝6）， and average recovery ranged from 96.72% to 105.84% （all RSD＜4.00%， n＝6）. The contents of 7 components in 3 batches of I. chinensis were 1 145.77- 3 261.25， 23.75-97.90， 0.92-2.12， 1.06-23.18， 9.35-21.85， 833.25-1 045.58， 199.56-1 869.78 μg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established methods for identification and content determination are rapid and simple， and can be used for the identification of chemical components and the content determination of 7 components in I. chinensis.
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OBJECTIVE To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Mongolian medicine Sanzisan ，and to evaluate its internal quality by chemical pattern recognition technique comprehensively. METHODS HPLC method was used. Using geniposide as reference，HPLC fingerprints of 15 batches of Sanzisan were drawn with Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatogram Fingerprint（2012 edition）. Similarity evaluation and common peaks identification were conducted. Combined with cluster analysis （CA），principal component analysis （PCA），and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA），the quality of 15 batches of Sanzisan was evaluated ，and the differential markers that affected its quality were screened. RESULTS There were 29 common peaks in 15 batches of Sanzisan ，and the similarity was no less than 0.952，indicating that the chemical composition of the 15 batches of Sanzisan had good consistency. A total of 13 common peaks were identified ，which were chebulic acid ，gallic acid，punicalin，punicalagin A ，punicalagin B ，jasminoside B ，caffeic acid ，corilagin，geniposide，chebulagic acid ，1，2，3，4，6- O-galloylglucose，chebulinic acid ，ellagic acid. Both CA and PCA could divide 15 batches of Sanzisan into four categories ，and the classification results were consistent ，indicating that the quality of 15 batches of Sanzisan had certain differences. Fourteen differential markers （chebulic acid ，gallic acid ，ellagic acid ，etc）that lead to the quality difference between batches were screened out by OPLS-DA. CONCLUSIONS Established HPLC fingerprint analysis method is simple and stable. Combined with chemical pattern recognition analysis ，it can be used for the quality control of Sanzisan.
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Objective@#To screen the hospitalized children with pectus excavatum for nutritional status, and to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional status, then to provide the scientific basis for comprehensive management of clinical nutrition.@*Methods@#The body mass index (BMI) of 360 hospitalized children with pectus excavatum in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from January 2013 to December 2017 were reviewed and compared with World Health Organization standard and the emaciation rate was calculated.The influencing factors such as CT index, age, weight, height, sex, the width of thorax and surgical treatment were analyzed with BMI.@*Results@#Compared with the lowest standard of BMI, the whole emaciation rate of hospitalized children with pectus excavatum was 93.61% (337/360 cases): in which severe, moderate and slight emaciation were 74.17% (267/360 cases), 13.33% (48/360 cases), and 6.11% (22/360 cases), respectively.BMI was negatively related with CT index (r=-0.172, P=0.001), but positively related with age, weight, height, and the width of thorax (r=0.129, 0.342, 0.022, 0.179, P=0.014, 0.001, 0.673, 0.001). Three years after Nuss procedure, both the whole and severe emaciation rate decreased (93.62% vs. 95.74%; 65.96% vs. 78.72%), but the weight, height and BMI increased [25.5(12.5, 38.5) kg vs.17.0(10.0, 24.0) kg; 126.0(99.0, 153.0) cm vs.108.0(74.5, 143.5) cm; 14.69(12.38, 17.00) kg/m2 vs. 14.36(12.17, 16.56) kg/m2], and the differences were significant (all P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#There is a high nutritional risk in hospitalized children with pectus excavatum, and the deformity severity is the main risk factor.Surgical treatment can improve the nutritional status effectively, but the malnutrition in pectus excavatum can not be corrected completely.
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Objective To investigate the prenatal imaging features of fetal congenital esophageal atresia and to further evaluate the value of MRI and ultrasound scan in the same condition.Methods This study recruited 12 singleton gravidas whose fetuses were initially suspected with congenital esophageal atresia by prenatal ultrasound scan and then confirmed by surgery and/or upper gastrointestinal angiography after birth at Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from May 2011 to May 2017.Imaging features of prenatal MRI and ultrasonography of the 12 fetuses were retrospectively analyzed.Differences in imaging findings of these two methods were analyzed by Chi-square test.Results All 12 women received prenatal ultrasound examination and eight of them underwent MRI scan when fetal congenital esophageal atresia was suggested by ultrasound.Both ultrasound and MRI were capable of identifing polyhydramnios and absent or small stomach bubble (12/12 and 8/8,respectively).However,MRI was superior to ultrasound in detecting "pouch sign "/"oral filling sign" or poor filling of small intestine (7/8 vs 3/12 and 8/8 vs 0/12,x2 were 7.500 and 20.000,both P＜0.01).While,no statistical difference was shown in detecting curved tracheal between MRI and ultrasound (2/8 vs 0/12,x2=3.333,P=0.067).For Gross Ⅰ or Gross Ⅲ congenital esophageal atresia fetuses,no statistically significant difference was found in their imaging features (all P＞0.05).The total detection rates after 32 weeks of gestation of Gross Ⅰ and Gross Ⅲ cases were both 3/6.Conclusions Prenatal MRI is a vital supplement to ultrasound due to its high display rate of characterized features of congenital esophageal atresia.Thus,the combined use of ultrasound and MRI is of great importance for prenatal diagnosis of this fetal abnormality.
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Objective To investigate the application of 3-D scanning in the diagnosis and evaluation of pectus excava-tum.Methods From July 2016 to June 2017, chest CT concomitant 3-D scanning were performed in 90 pectus excavatum pa-tients before Nuss procudure.Another 30 cases underwent chest CT scanning for non-chest deformity causes were chosen as a control group.The transverse and anterior-posterior maximum diameter through the deepest point of chest wall deformity were measured.The surface topography index and Haller index were calculated respectively .Results There was a positive correla-tion between CT and 3-D scanning diameters of the transverse and anterior-posterior maximum diameters, and consistency rates were 94% and 82%, respectively.There was significant difference between pectus excavatum group 1.82 ±0.21 and control group 1.41 ±0.07 in the STI(P<0.001).There was a positive correlation between Haller index 5.12 ±3.36 and STI 1.82 ± 0.21, and consistency rate was 89%.The Delong's test showed no significant difference between ROC of HI and STI(Z =1.18, P=0.28).Conclusion 3-D scanning and STI of pectus excavatum is a validated alternative for CT and Haller index, especially in the infant and non-surgical treatment PE cases.
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Objective To investigate the role of erlotinib in the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) of mice model.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly (random number)divided into control group (n=6),ER group (n=6),LPS group (n=6),and ER+LPS group (n=6).In the LPS group,2 mg/kg LPS was instilled into trachea of mice to induce lung injury.In control group,normal saline was instilled into trachea of mice instead.In the ER+LPS group and ER group,100 mg/kg of edotinib was instilled into stomach of mice,and one hour later.2 mg/kg LPS was instilled into trachea of mice in ER+PLS group to induce lung injury.Twenty-four hours later,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue of mice in four groups were collected.HE staining were used for evaluating pathological changes of lung injury.Lung wet/dry weight ratio,protein concentrations and total cell numbers in the BALF were measured to determine the degree of pulmonary edema.Immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot were used for testing the protein expression of SP-A,Data of multiple groups were analyzed by one way variance (ANOVA) and inter-group comparisons were made by the least significant difference (LSD) tests.Results There was no significant difference in lung injury score (LIS) between control group (0.056±0.008) and ER (0.064±0.037) group,The LIS in LPS group (0.846-±0.047) was higher than that in control group,however the LIS in ER+LPS group (0.279±0.020) was significant lower than that in LPS group (P ＜ 0.05).Lung wet/dry weight,SP-A concentration and total cell numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed that the degree of pulmonary edema in LPS group was higher than that in control group,and this pulmonary edema was reversed by erlotinib treatment.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot showed that the expression of SP-A in LPS group was decreased compared with control group,but it was recovered after erlotinib treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Erlotinib could protect the LPS-induced ALI,and it may be related to the regulation of SP-A.
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Objective@#To compare the hepatobiliary injury difference of newborn BALB/c mice infected by different titers of rhesus rotavirus(RRV).@*Methods@#Neonatal mice(n=80) were randomly separated into 4 groups and were intraperitoneally inoculated with different titers of rotavirus: High titer group(1×107 PFU/ml); Medium titer group(1×106 PFU/ml); Low titer group(2.5×105 PFU/ml); Control group (only culture medium) within the first 24 hours after birth. All mice were sacrificed at day 12 after RRV inoculation then the liver and blood samples were collected. Meanwhile, mice were observed daily for at least 12 days, including their weight, skin color and survival situation. Liver functions were examined by serum biochemical test and morphologic changes in the biliary tract were observed. Tissue sections underwent H&E staining and immunohistochemically analysis for the presence of CK19.@*Results@#Compared with the normal mice, the mice in the experimental group had different degrees of skin jaundice, weight lost, survival rate decreased, liver function damage. In the experimental group, the symptom of low titer group was light, and could be restored to normal, however, when compared with the low titer group, the mice in the high titer group were serious, their skin jaundice was more obvious, weight was significantly reduced and irreversible, survival rate was lower(50%), liver function of TBIL, DBIL, TBA, ALT, ALP were significantly increased.Further analysis showed that the high titer group had high bile duct obstruction rate (80%), with no case of obstruction in the low titer group. Histologic analysis also showed intrahepatic bile duct atresia in the high titer group, a large number of inflammatory cell infiltrated around the portal area, while the morphology of intrahepatic bile duct was almost normal and just a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltrated around the portal area in the low titer group.@*Conclusions@#Different titers of rotavirus had different effects on the newborn mice hepatobiliary system: high titer was easy to cause biliary atresia, and low titer caused hepatitis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility and safety of Bishop-Koop stoma procedure in the treatment of neonates with refractory congenital intestinal atresia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and follow-up data of 25 neonates with refractory congenital intestinal atresia undergoing Bishop-Koop stoma procedure in our center from January 2011 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 25 neonates, 13 (52%) were male, 12(48%) were female, the birth weight was 1600-3800 g (mean 2920 g), the age of admission was 10 hours to 20 days, and the age of operation was 1-58 d (mean 7 d). Diameter ratio of proximal atresia intestine to distal atresia intestine was all greater than 4. Eleven cases(44%) were high jejunal atresia, 3 cases(12%) type III( b, 7 cases(28%) type IIII(, 14 cases(56%) were identified as complex meconium peritonitis, and 3 cases (12%) received reoperation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the cases completed their Bishop-Koop stoma operations successfully with median operative time of 3 (1.2-4.5) hours and median intra-operative blood loss of 3.5(1-18) ml. The postoperative complication rate was 20%(5/25), including 3 cases of cholestasis, 1 case of ileus, and 1 case of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis with septicemia who died 6 days after operation resulting in the mortality of 4%. Besides, 1 case gave up treatment because of economic reason. For the rest 23 neonates, the median first feeding time was 11 days and mean time was 11(5 to 20) days; the median time of postoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was 15 days and mean time was 21 (5 to 68) days; the median hospital stay was 33 days and mean hospital stay was 25(12 to 81) days, respectively. Two-stage stoma closure operations were performed in all the 23 cases afterwards and no postoperative associated complications were found. When discharge after Bishop-Koop stoma operations, Z score of body weight was normal in 3 cases(13.0%) and lower than normal in 20 cases(87.0%), while in hospitalization for stoma closure, Z score of body weight was normal in 19 cases(82.6%) and lower than normal in 4 cases (17.4%). Of 23 cases, serum albumin level was normal in 9 cases(39.1%) before operation, in 3 cases (13.0%) when discharge and in 22 cases(95.7%) in hospitalization for stoma closure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bishop-Koop stoma procedure is safe and feasible in the treatment of neonates with refractory congenital intestinal atresia, and can obviously improve the nutritional status.</p>
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Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Ileus , Intestinal Atresia , General Surgery , Length of Stay , Parenteral Nutrition, Total , Postoperative Complications , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Surgical StomasABSTRACT
[Summary] This review summarized the evolution of surgical timing and procedure skills of postnatal repair in the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia ( CDH ) .Minimally invasive repair of diaphragmatic hernia was highlighted.The current status, difficulties, and future trends of surgical intervention for CDH were analyzed.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The prevalence reported of maternal depression from the first to the third trimester was 7.4%, 12.8%, 12.0% respectively, which implies that around one-tenth of pregnant women suffer from psychological disorder during the whole pregnancy. It is assumed that during pregnancy the maternal-fetal circulation unit is also affected by maternal psychological status. The aim of this study is to explore the association between maternal psychological status and fetal dynamic blood flow circulation during pregnancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We recruited 102 singleton low risk pregnant women between 30 to 33 gestational weeks. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was used to assess maternal psychological status. Ultrasound Doppler was used to measure blood flow changes in maternal-fetal circulation. Pulsatility index (PI) value was measured in umbilical artery (UA), fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and maternal uterine arteries (UTA). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) was measured in MCA and velocity was measured in umbilical vein (UV). Statistical analysis was performed with standard nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests. Two-tailed P values <0.05 were considered statistical significance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 102 pregnant women, 12 patients show high levels of poor mental health. Women with poor mental health have higher umbilical artery PI values than good mental health patients (P = 0.020). A higher MCA PI value is found in poor mental health patients but this does not reach statistical significance (P = 0.053). Women with hostility show lower placental scores (P = 0.030). Women with somatization demonstrate higher values in UA PI, MCA PI and MCA PSV (P = 0.049, 0.030 and 0.035 respectively). A higher MCA PSV value is also found in phobic anxiety patients (P = 0.046).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Poor mental health during pregnancy is found to have an adverse effect on maternal-fetal circulation. Umbilical artery and fetal cerebral circulation are more sensitive and affected by maternal psychological disorder.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Blood Flow Velocity , Physiology , Fetus , Physiology , Gestational Age , Hemodynamics , Physiology , Pregnancy Trimester, Third , Stress, PsychologicalABSTRACT
Although empirically well understood in their clinical administration, volatile anesthetics are not yet well comprehended in their mechanism studies. A major conundrum emerging from these studies is that there is no validated model to assess the presumed candidate sites of the anesthetics. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that the single-celled Paramecium could be anesthetized and served as a model organism in the study of anesthetics. We assessed the motion of Paramecium cells with Expert Vision system and the chemoresponse of Paramecium cells with T-maze assays in the presence of four different volatile anesthetics, including isoflurane, sevoflurane, enflurane and ether. Each of those volatiles was dissolved in buffers to give drug concentrations equal to 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 EC50, respectively, in clinical practice. We could see that after application of volatile anesthetics, the swimming of the Paramecium cells was accelerated and then suppressed, or even stopped eventually, and the index of the chemoresponse of the Paramecium cells (denoted as I ( che )) was decreased. All of the above impacts were found in a concentration-dependent fashion. The biphasic effects of the clinical concentrations of volatile anesthetics on Paramecium simulated the situation of high species in anesthesia, and the inhibition of the chemoresponse also indicated anesthetized. In conclusion, the findings in our studies suggested that the single-celled Paramecium could be anesthetized with clinical concentrations of volatile anesthetics and therefore be utilized as a model organism to study the mechanisms of volatile anesthetics.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Inhalation , Biological Assay , Methods , Cell Movement , Physiology , Chemotaxis , Physiology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Methods , Paramecium tetraurelia , Physiology , Volatile Organic CompoundsABSTRACT
Although empirically well understood in their clinical administration, volatile anesthetics are not yet well comprehended in their mechanism studies. A major conundrum emerging from these studies is that there is no validated model to assess the presumed candidate sites of the anesthetics. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that the single-celled Paramecium could be anesthetized and served as a model organism in the study of anesthetics. We assessed the motion of Paramecium cells with Expert Vision system and the chemoresponse of Paramecium cells with T-maze assays in the presence of four different volatile anesthetics, including isoflurane, sevoflurane, enflurane and ether. Each of those volatiles was dissolved in buffers to give drug concentrations equal to 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 EC50, respectively, in clinical practice. We could see that after application of volatile anesthetics, the swimming of the Paramecium cells was accelerated and then suppressed, or even stopped eventually, and the index of the chemoresponse of the Paramecium cells (denoted as I ( che )) was decreased. All of the above impacts were found in a concentration-dependent fashion. The biphasic effects of the clinical concentrations of volatile anesthetics on Paramecium simulated the situation of high species in anesthesia, and the inhibition of the chemoresponse also indicated anesthetized. In conclusion, the findings in our studies suggested that the single-celled Paramecium could be anesthetized with clinical concentrations of volatile anesthetics and therefore be utilized as a model organism to study the mechanisms of volatile anesthetics.
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Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical or acute abdomen in childhood.Rapid and correct diagnosis is the premise of rational therapy,but there are still some problems in diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Sufficient comprehension about clinical features and differential diagnostic diseases,typical clinical symptoms,physical examination,laboratory examinations,ultrasonography or CT would make a definite diagnosis.Laparoscopy is also used to make a diagnosis if necessary.
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Objective To review the authors′ experience in the diagnosis and management of Hirschsprung′s disease (HD) in newborn during a 7 year′s period (1995～2002),and evaluate a new therapeutic regime. Methods Clinical data of all 155 newborn HD cases were analyzed. Protocols were compared before and after May 2000. Results Barium enemas, anorectic manometry and rectal biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of HD in 155 newborn cases. Two stage radical procedure was performed in 107 cases , and one stage in 48 cases. One hundred and forty-seven cases were cured. Postoperative pneumonia occurred in 25 cases, wound dishences in 8 cases with 8 deaths. There was substantial difference in the incidence of complications, hospital stay and mortality between the two periods. Conclusions (1) Gastrointestinal perforation in neonatal HD cases should be managed by rectal biopsies during the exploration. (2)Different surgical treatment should be adopted in HD cases less than one month of age.